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Q.

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option.


Matrix:


 

Column I

 

Column II

(a)

Dhamma

(i)

The ancient name of coastal Orissa

(b)

Kautilya and Vishnugupta

(ii)

Code of conduct

(c)

Kalinga

(iii)

The other names of Chanakya

(d)

Seleucus Nicator

(iv)

Belonged to Greece


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a

a-ii; b-iii; c-i; d-iv

b

a-iii; b-i; c-iv; d-ii

c

a-iv; b-i; c-iii; d-ii

d

a-ii; b-iv; c-i; d-iii 

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

1) Through the edicts, Ashoka was able to elaborate on his dhamma. Many great rock edicts discuss various aspects of Ashoka's dhamma. Ashoka's dhamma did not include any form of worship or sacrifice. He believed that, just as a father tries to teach his children, he owed it to his subjects to instruct them. He was also influenced by the Buddha's teachings.
2) Chanakya was an ancient Indian teacher and popular royal advisor in Chandragupta Maurya's court. He is traditionally identified as Kautilya or Vishnugupta, and he wrote the most popular book on political outlook, the Arthashastra, between the third and third centuries BCE and CE.
3) Kalinga was the ancient name for modern-day coastal Orissa. Ashoka attacked Kalinga and won the battle to expand his territory. More than a lakh people died in the Kalinga battle, many more were taken as prisoners, and a large number of people were injured. That incident shocked Ashoka. The large-scale bloodshed changed Ashoka's heart. He vowed not to fight another war in the future.
4) Seleucus Nikator was King Alexander's trusted friend and general. Following Alexander's death, he established the Seleucid Empire over much of the territory conquered by Alexander in the Near East. Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nikator.
 
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