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Q.

Most of the α-particles pass through the gold foil undeflected because

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a

They travel in a straight line

b

The most space in an atom is empty

c

Both 1 & 2

d

None of these 

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Most of the α-particles pass through the gold foil undeflected because the most space in an atom is empty.
When Rutherford performed a scattering experiment, he observed that major α-particles pass through the gold foil without any deflection because most of the space in the atom is empty. Some α-particles deflect back by very small angle and some of them deflect by nearly 180 angle.
 
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