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Q.

NH3 has a net dipole moment, but boron trifluoride (BF3) has zero dipole moment, because:

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a

B is less electronegative than N

b

NH3 is pyramidal while BF3 is trigonal planar

c

F is more electronegative than H

d

BF3 is pyramidal while NH3 is planar

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The trigonal geometry of BF3 with three vectors (B → F) acting at 120o leads to zero dipole moment. In NH3 three vectors (N ← H) act at 107o along with one lone pair giving dipole moment in molecule.

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NH3 has a net dipole moment, but boron trifluoride (BF3) has zero dipole moment, because: