Nitrates and phosphates flowing from agricultural farms into water bodies are a significant cause of

Nitrates and phosphates fl owing into water bodies cause eutrophication.
Nitrates and phosphates from agricultural farms, particularly from fertilisers and runoff, can contribute to eutrophication in water bodies. Eutrophication is the process of excessive nutrient enrichment in water,
primarily with nitrogen and phosphorus. When these nutrients enter water bodies, they promote the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. The increased plant growth leads to an overabundance of organic
matter, which, in turn, causes oxygen depletion in the water. This depletion can harm aquatic organisms and disrupt the ecological balance of the ecosystem. 
(2) Humifi cation is the conversion of fragmented organic matter into humus.
(3) Mineralisation is the conversion of organic matter into inorganic forms by the activity of decomposers.
(4) Stratifi cation refers to the vertical layering or organisation of vegetation within a forest ecosystem.