Nitro Benzene is reduced with $H_{2} / P d / C_{2} H_{5} O H$ then the product is

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Hydrazo Benzene

Hydroxyazobenzene

Aniline

Benzene

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The product is aniline (C₆H₅NH₂), also called phenylamine.

This is a classic catalytic hydrogenation of a nitro compound. Pd/C activates H₂ and delivers hydrogen to the nitro group of nitrobenzene. The transformation proceeds through well-known intermediates—nitrosobenzene and phenylhydroxylamine—before forming aniline. Ethanol acts as a common, protic solvent that dissolves reagents and helps heat transfer. Because the aromatic ring is stable and conditions are controlled, the ring remains intact and only the –NO₂ group is reduced.

Balanced reaction

C₆H₅NO₂ + 3 H₂ ─(Pd/C, EtOH)→ C₆H₅NH₂ + 2 H₂O

Why aniline forms

Selectivity: Pd/C + H₂ selectively reduces –NO₂ to –NH₂.
Mild conditions: Ethanol and moderate pressure favor functional-group reduction over ring hydrogenation.
Common synthesis: This is a standard lab and industrial route to aniline.

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