Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using a mixture of conc. ${HNO}_{3}$ and conc. $H_{2} {SO}_{4}$ . In the nitrating mixture, ${HNO}_{3}$ acts as a/an

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base

acid

catalyst

reducing agent

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

HNO₃ acts as a base. It reacts with H₂SO₄ to form the electrophile ${NO}_{2}^{+}$ ion
${HNO}_{3} + 2 H_{2} {SO}_{4} ⇌ 2 {[{HSO}_{4}]}^{-} + H_{3} O^{+} + {NO}_{2}^{+}$

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