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Q.

Over a certain temperature range, the thermal conductivity k of a metal is not constant but varies as indicated in figure . A lagged rod of the metal has its ends maintained at temperatures T1and T2(T2> T1) as shown in figure–  
  Question Image           Question Image                 
Which one of the following correctly describes how T3, the temperature at the mid-point of the rod, compares with T1 and T2 ?

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a

T3= (T1+ T2)/2

b

T3= (T1  T2)/2

c

T3> (T1+ T2)/2

d

T3< (T1 + T2)/2

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The rate of heat flow per unit cross sectional area along the metal rod is given by
  QtA=kdTdl
where  dTdl  is temperature gradient along the rod
QtA  is the same at all points.
   kdTdl = constant                   … (1)
If k is a constant which remain the same over the temperature range, the variation of temperature will be uniform throughout the rod as shown below and temperature T3 will be mean of  T1andT2
Question Image
Now k, the thermal conductivity is not constant but varies as indicated in graph of question. 
At  T1 the value of k is the highest thus the temperature gradient  dTdl  will be the smallest . This indicates that temperature variation will be small initially. As the distance increases, k decreases and thus the temperature gradient increases as it can be readily observed. 
Thus the temperature variation (drop) along the rod increases as distance  l  increases from 0 to L. We thus expect the temperature curve convex away from the origin and hence the temperature at mid point of rod T3 will be greater than mean of  T1andT2 i.e. T3>T1+T22  

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