Pastoralists were completely barred from accessing ____ forests.

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Detailed Solution

Pastoralists were barred entirely from accessing reserved forests.
By the middle of the nineteenth century, different Forest Acts had been passed in various provinces. These Acts designated mainly reserved forests, producing commercially valuable wood like deodar or sal. These forests were entirely off-limits for pastoralists. Some forests were designated as protected areas. In these, pastoralists were given some traditional grazing rights, but their freedom of movement was severely constrained. The colonial authorities thought that grazing killed the tree saplings and young shoots that sprang from the forest bottom. The animals trampled on the young trees and ate the tender shoots, stopping the growth of new trees. The lifestyle of pastoralists was thus drastically altered by these Forest Acts.

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