Posture and balance of the body is controlled by 

The posture and balance of the body is controlled by the cerebellum, a vital structure located in the hindbrain. The cerebellum plays a key role in maintaining balance, posture, and the coordination of voluntary movements.

Key Points about the Cerebellum:

1. Location: The cerebellum is situated in the hindbrain, beneath the cerebrum and behind the brainstem.
2. Functions:
   • It regulates voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
   • It ensures smooth coordination, balance, and equilibrium.
   • It maintains proper posture by adjusting muscle tone.
3. Neural Composition:
   Despite occupying only 10% of the brain's total volume, the cerebellum contains 50-80% of the brain's neurons, making it a highly dense and efficient neural hub.

Why Option B is Correct:

The cerebellum, located in the hindbrain, is responsible for controlling posture and balance. Other parts of the brain, such as the cerebrum, primarily handle higher cognitive functions, while the brainstem manages basic life-sustaining activities like breathing.

Conclusion

The posture and balance of the body is controlled by the cerebellum, a crucial part of the hindbrain. Its dense network of neurons allows it to efficiently regulate equilibrium and skeletal muscle movements, ensuring the body remains stable and coordinated. Hence, the correct answer is Option B: Cerebellum.