Pusa Sawani and Mung Bean varieties are produced through ________, ________ plant breeding respectively.

 Breeding is carried out by the conventional breeding techniques (described earlier) or by mutation breeding. The conventional method of breeding for disease resistance is that of hybridisation and selection.

Some crop varieties bred by hybridisation and selection. like Pusa Sawani.

However,conventional breeding is often constrained by the availability of limited number of disease resistance genes that are present and identified in various crop varieties or wild relatives. In such case sInduced mutation is useful .

It is possible to induce mutations artificially through use of chemicals or radiations (like gamma radiations), and selecting and using the plants that have the desirable character as a source in breeding – this process is called mutation breeding.

example:  In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.