Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:
We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with future generations. Ninety - five percent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from the land. Human activities have not only brought about the degradation of the land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to the land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly to land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging leading to an increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing, like the grinding of limestone for the cement industry and calcite and soapstone for the ceramic industry, generates huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

What harm do the mineral processing and cement industry do to the environment and land?