Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) 

Energy is needed by all living cells for a variety of functions. Simple carbohydrates can be broken down either with or without oxygen to release this energy. 

 

(i) In higher plants and animals energy is obtained by:  

a.     Breathing 

b.     Tissue respiration 

c.     Organ respiration 

d.     Digestion of food 

 

 

ii) The athlete's blood lactic acid concentration is depicted in the graph below during a 400-meter race, with point D showing the peak. 

 

 

 

Lactic acid production in the blood of an athlete during a 400𝑚 race is due to

(a) Aerobic respiration

(b) Anaerobic respiration

(c) Fermentation

(d) Breathing

 

 

(iii) Examine the graph below, which illustrates how much energy is given over time when an athlete runs at maximum capacity. 

 

 

 

Select the plots and correct justifications in the following table. 

 

 

 

(iv) Which of the following are the characteristics of anaerobic respiration? 

(I) the presence of oxygen 

(II) the release of carbon dioxide 

(III) the release of energy 

(IV) the release of lactic acid 

a.     (I), (IlI) only 

b.     (II), (III), (IV) only 

c.     (1), (II), (III) only 

d.     (IV) only 

 

 

 

 

 

 

v) Examine the table below, and then choose the row that contains an error. 

 

i) Solution: In the case of higher plants and animals, energy is obtained by tissue respiration. 

Energy is needed by all living cells for a variety of functions. Simple carbohydrates can be broken down with or without oxygen to release this energy. 

Hence, the correct option is b) Tissue respiration.

ii) Solution:  Muscles participate in anaerobic respiration during exercise because there is insufficient oxygen available. Because glucose is only partially broken down during anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration requires more energy than anaerobic respiration. Due to incomplete breakdown, lactic acid is formed instead of carbon dioxide and water. 

Hence, the correct option is b) Anaerobic respiration.

iii) Solution: From the given graph, we can conclude that Plot A is for Aerobic respiration as the amount of energy required is high and consistent comparatively, whereas Plot B is for Anaerobic respiration as the amount of energy required is low. 

Hence, the correct option is b). 

iv) Solution: The characteristic processes observed in anaerobic respiration are as follows: 

1.     release of carbon dioxide 

2.     release of energy 

3.     release of lactic acid 

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. Thus option (I) is incorrect.  

Hence, the correct option is c) (II), (III), (IV) only. 

v) Solution: Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria, not the cytoplasm. 

The correct answer should be: 

Location: Aerobic-Mitochondria and Anaerobic-Cytoplasm 

Hence, the correct option is a) Location: Aerobic-Cytoplasm and Anaerobic-Mitochondria