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Read the following and choose the correct combination from the following.
Type of nephron Loop of Henle Vasa recta
1. Cortical Short Absent or highly reduced
2. Juxtamedullary Long Absent
3. Juxtamedullary Long Present
4. Cortical Short Well developed

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III and IV

I and III

II and IV

I and II

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Cortical nephrons are the more common type of nephrons in the kidney. Their loop of Henle extends only a short distance into the medulla, meaning that they don't penetrate deeply into the kidney's inner region. The vasa recta, which are specialised capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle, are either absent or significantly reduced in cortical nephrons. These nephrons are mainly involved in regulating the body's salt and water balance.
Juxtamedullary nephrons are less common but play a crucial role in the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Their loop of Henle extends deep into the medulla, allowing them to establish a strong concentration gradient. The vasa recta, which are capillaries that run parallel to the loop of Henle, are present in juxtamedullary nephrons. These nephrons are essential for creating and maintaining the osmotic gradient required for urine concentration.

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