Q.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the following question:

Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the family - should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up within the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in the future.

Identify the purpose to convene the Vienna of Congress in 1815.

TTopic: The making of nationalism in Europe

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a

To declare competition of German unification

b

To restore conservative regime in Europe

c

To declare war against France

d

To start the process of Italian Unification  

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

The purpose of convening the Vienna Congress in 1815 was to restore a conservative regime in Europe.
Most European governments fought to defend their positions against revolutionary notions after Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat. Because they cherished tradition and believed that change should be gradual rather than abrupt, they changed their policies to reflect a conservative worldview. However, they recognized that modernization might improve the aforementioned ancient institutes. Thus they did not want a complete return to pre-revolutionary periods. The Treaty of Vienna was ratified to reverse the changes brought about by the Napoleonic wars after Napoleon's death in 1815. The more conservative principles are opposed to the more liberal ones, so this was a loss for the liberal ones. Before a comeback was apparent in 1815, it caused the movement to become somewhat stifled.
 
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