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Q.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the following question:

Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the family - should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up within the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in the future.

What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna?

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a

To reestablish peace and stability in Europe du To establish socialism

b

To establish socialism in Europe

c

Restoring of Bourbon dynasty in France

d

To set up a new Parliament in Austria  

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The conservative's focus at the Congress of Vienna is to restore the Bourbon dynasty in France.
Following Napoleon's defeat, the governments of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Germany signed the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 to undo the changes brought about by the Napoleonic wars. To maintain their hold on power and fortify the status quo, many administrations desired a departure from the times of revolution. The Bourbon dynasty was reinstated during the French Revolution. Additionally, measures were attempted to stop the French from escalating their aggression. Along France's borders, several states were founded. The Treaty of Vienna did not affect Napoleon's newly formed German confederation. 39 distinct states made up this German confederation.
 
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