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Read the following passage carefully and answer the following question:
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the family - should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up within the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in the future.
Who hosted the venue for the 1815 conference where the Treaty of Vienna was drafted?
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Detailed Solution
Following Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the representatives of the defeated nations—Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain—met and drafted the renowned Treaty of Vienna. To maintain their position of authority and fortify the status quo, they sought to usher in a transition from the times of the revolution. Additionally, measures were attempted to stop the French from escalating their aggression. On the French border, several states were created. In the south, Genoa was annexed to Piedmont, creating the kingdom of the Netherlands. Under the terms of this treaty, the Bourbon dynasty was also reinstated. The 39-state German confederation that Napoleon had founded remained undisturbed by the Treaty of Vienna.
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