Read the following passage carefully:

Unlike most of today's scientists, Charles Darwin's fame is based on books. In a series of extraordinary volumes—The Voyage of the Beagle (1839), On the Origin of Species (1859), The Descent of Man (1871), and The Expression of the Emotions in Men and Animals (1872)—Darwin reported his observations, explained his ideas, and amplified his thinking in ways well beyond the contemporary expectations of science. His books were neither summaries nor simplifications: they were the core of his originality.

Darwin richly deserves the recognition awarded to him by scientists. But he remains a badly (and sadly) neglected figure in the literary world. Darwin's reputation as a writer demands revision. Publication was as much a goal for Darwin in the 19th century as it is for any ambitious academic in the 21st. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace, for example, in 1859, he wrote that: “If I can publish my Abstract [of The Origin of Species] and perhaps my greater work on the same subject, I shall look at my course as done.”

Unlike those scientists who see writing as an irritating burden, Darwin considered literate description a pleasure, as well as a duty. In a letter to his father (Feb 8, 1832), Darwin observed that, “Whenever I enjoy anything, I always either look forward to writing it down, either in my log-book (which increases in bulk), or in a letter”. He was a perfectionist. Writing to his second cousin, the Reverend William Darwin Fox, in February, 1858, Darwin noted that, “I mean to make my book as perfect as ever I can. I shall not go to press at soonest for a couple of years”. If only today's authors were as considerate as Darwin.

Darwin wrote books and was inspired by books too. He took two volumes with him on HMS Beagle in December, 1831. One was Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology; the other, Alexander Von Humboldt's Travel Writings. Of Humboldt, Darwin wrote (to his father): “If you really want to have [an idea] of tropical countries, study Humboldt… my feelings amount to admiration the more I read him.” Darwin was an assiduous reader of science.

In his early life, Darwin also enjoyed more aesthetic writing. He wrote in his Autobiography of his “poetic fancy” and his love of Shakespeare, Milton, Byron, Coleridge, and Shelley. But as he grew older he came to loathe poetry. He preferred fiction, biography, history, and travel writing. This “atrophy” of his “higher taste” led to a partial “loss of happiness” for Darwin, as well as self-diagnosed injury to his intellect and moral character.

The Origin was published in November, 1859. In January, 1860, Darwin wrote to the American botanist, Dr Asa Gray, “I never dreamed of my book being so successful with general readers”. From that point on, he made sure that his books could span professional and public audiences alike. He had in mind “a common reader”, not merely a fellow scientist.

In some ways, Darwin's scientific style was dictated by his working method. He sailed from Devonport on Dec 27, 1831. He returned to “the shores of England” on Oct 2, 1836. For nearly 5 years he wrote a detailed diary and travelogue, filled with scientific description and interpretation

Attempt the following questions based on the passage:

Which among the following statements is correct?