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The society of estates was a part of the feudal system that dated back to the Middle Ages. The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789. French society was organised in a system of estates. Peasants made up about 90 percent of the population. However, only a small number of them owned the land they cultivated. About 60 percent of the land was owned by nobles, the church, and other richer members of the Third Estate. The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy and nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth. The most important of these was the exemption from paying taxes to the state. The nobles further enjoyed feudal privileges. These included feudal dues, which they extracted from the peasants. Peasants were obliged to render services to the lord- to work in his house and fields – to serve in the army or to participate in building roads.

The feudal dues were extracted from

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Detailed Solution

The feudal dues were extracted from peasants.
In the three estates system, the first two estates, i.e. the Church and the Nobles, did not pay any taxes. They instead collected taxes. The Church collected Tithe from the Third Estate. The Nobles that formed the Second Estate were also feudal lords and enjoyed feudal privileges such as collecting feudal dues from the peasants. The peasants who came into the Third Estate were the vassals of the Lord and were bound to work for him on his fief and even fight in his army as and when required.

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