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The Kalangs of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators. They were so valuable that in 1755 when the Mataram kingdom of Java split, the 6,000 Kalang families were equally divided between the two kingdoms. Without their expertise it would have been difficult to harvest teak and for the kings to build their palaces. When the Dutch began to gain control over the forests in the eighteenth century, they tried to make the Kalangs work under them. In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking a Dutch fort at Joana, but the uprising was suppressed.

Kalangs were skilled Forest cutters and also practised

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Shifting Cultivators

Shifting Laborers

Shifting Peasants

Shifting Farmers

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Kalangs were skilled Forest cutters and also practised shifting cultivation. They were the forest dwellers of java in Indonesia who were skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators. Kalangs were very useful and significant for kings as they harvested teak, and Kings couldn't build a palace without the skilled forest cutters. The Dutch also put force on Kalangs to keep them under their services which resulted in a rebellion by Kalangs.

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