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The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy because it contributes significantly to industrial production (14 per cent), employment generation (35 million persons directly the second largest after agriculture) and foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6 per cent). It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP. It is the only country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value-added products. In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England. In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton-growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localization.

Answer the following MCQ by choosing the most appropriate option:

How were the cotton textiles produced in Ancient India?

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Using a spinning jenny

Using some ancient techniques which are unknown yet

By hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques

None of the above

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques were used to create cotton textiles in ancient India.
After the 18th century, as power looms became widespread, traditional companies suffered a setback during the colonial period because they couldn't compete with England's mill-made textiles. The first textile factory was established in Mumbai in 1854. Initially, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton-growing belts of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Farmers, cotton ball pluckers, and workers in the ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, and other associated businesses all make their living from this industry. Handlooms, power looms, and mills were all used to weave cotton textiles.

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