Rural administration is mainly related to:

(a) Cities

(b) Villages

(c) States

(d) Countries

The correct Answer: (b) Villages

Rural administration deals with how villages and countryside areas are governed and managed. Its focus is on delivering basic services, maintaining records, and resolving local issues in rural (not urban) regions. In India, key institutions and officials involved include:

• Gram Sabha & Gram Panchayat: Elected village bodies that plan local development (roads, drinking water, sanitation), implement schemes, and handle day-to-day civic needs.
• Patwari/Lekhpal (Village Revenue Officer): Maintains land records (khasra/khatauni), measures fields, updates ownership/mutation, and helps settle boundary disputes.
• Tehsildar/Block & District Administration: Supervises revenue collection, certifies documents, and coordinates larger development programs through the Block Development Office.
• Local Police Station (Thana): Maintains law and order over several villages, registers FIRs, and handles crime prevention.
• Service delivery points: Primary health sub-centres, anganwadis, government schools, ration shops (PDS) and MGNREGA works—all organized for rural populations.

Why the other options are incorrect:

(a) Cities: Urban administration (Municipal Corporations/Councils, Mayor) manages cities—not rural administration.

(c) States: State governments oversee administration, but “rural administration” specifically refers to village-level governance and services.

(d) Countries: This is too broad; rural administration is a local system focused on villages.