Secondary succession takes place on/in

Secondary succession (subsere) is the biotic succession that occurs in an area which becomes secondarily bare due to the destruction of the community previously present there. Secondary succession starts from previously built up substrata with already existing living matter. The action of any external force, such as a sudden change in climatic factors, biotic intervention, fi re etc., had resulted in the destruction of a previous community. Thus, the area became devoid of living matter, but its substratum is built up. It has organic matter. So, it is biologically fertile and, thus, the successions are comparatively more rapid. 
(1), (2), (3) Examples of areas where primary succession occurs are newly created pond or reservoir, newly cooled lava and bare rock.