Seed formation without fertilisation in flowering plants involves the process of

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sporulation

somatic hybridisation

budding

apomixis

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Apomixis is the formation of seeds without the act of fertilisation. The embryos of such seeds are asexual embryos or apomictic embryos. All the normal stages of embryogeny are seen even during apomictic embryo formation.

(1) Somatic hybridisation is artificial fusion of protoplasts of vegetative cells in controlled laboratory conditions.

(3) Sporulation is a type of asexual reproduction shown by amoeboid protozoan protists, which takes place
after encystation.

(4) Budding is a type of asexual reproduction shown by yeasts and Hydra. Bud is unicellular in yeast and
multicellular in Hydra.

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