Select correct statement(s) regarding $σ$ and $π$ -bonds:

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$π$ -electron cloud lies on either side to the line joining the nuclei of bonded atoms

$σ$ -bond has primary effect to decide direction of covalent bond, while $π$ -bond has no primary effect in direction of bond

$σ$ -bond lies on the line joining the nuclei of bonded atoms

$(2 p_{π} - 3 d_{π})$ pi-bonds is stronger than $(2 p_{n} - 3 p_{n})$ pi-bond

answer is A, B, C, D.

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Detailed Solution

The line connecting the nuclei of $σ -$ bond atoms is where the $σ -$ bond is located because it is always the first bond to form between two atoms.

No electron is directly involved in the $π -$ bonding axis in $π -$ bonding, hence the electron cloud is located on either side of the line connecting the connected atoms' nuclei.

The energy gap between the 2p and 3d orbitals makes them larger than the 2p and 3p in $π -$ bonding.

Although sigma bond is the first $σ -$ bond to form between two atoms, bond also exists. Thus, the sigma bond alone determines the covalent $π -$ bond's primary effect.

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