Select equations having endothermic step :

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$Ne (g) + e^{-} (g) ⟶ {Ne}^{-} (g)$

$S^{-} (g) + e^{-} (g) ⟶ S^{2} - (g)$

${Al}^{2 +} (g) ⟶ {Al}^{3 +} (g) + e^{-} (g)$

$N (g) + e^{-} (g) ⟶ N^{-} (g)$

answer is A, B, D.

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Detailed Solution

Energy is absorbed during an endothermic phase.

The energy is absorbed during the endothermic stage of the reaction $S^{-} (g) \to S^{2 -} (g)$ , which occurs when an electron is added to a monovalent anion to create a divalent anion. The monovalent anion and electron are electrostatically attracted to one another, but the energy absorbed overcomes this force.

The endothermic process represented by the reaction $Ne (g) + e^{-} (g) ⟶ {Ne}^{-} (g)$

${Al}^{2 +} (g) \to {Al}^{3 +} (g)$ is an endothermic reaction because it takes energy to remove an electron from a deposited ion. It stands for Al's third ionisation potential.

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