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Beaks of Darwin’s fishes – Convergent evolution

Forelimbs of bats and cheetah – Vestigial organs

Flippers of penguins and dolphins – Analogous organs

Industrial melanism – Use and disuse

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous organs. Analogous organs are organs in different organisms that have similar functions, but evolved independently and do not have a common evolutionary origin. These organs are often the result of convergent evolution, which occurs when similar adaptations arise in unrelated species facing similar environmental pressures. Analogous organs may look similar or perform similar functions, but they are not necessarily structurally similar or genetically related.
Evolution of different types of beaks in Darwin’s finches is an example of divergent evolution.
Industrial melanism is an example of natural selection.
Forelimbs of bats and cheetah are examples of homologous organs.

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