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Adaptive radiation is a form of divergent evolution, which refers to the process by which a single ancestral species gives rise to multiple descendant species that diverge in their characteristics and traits over time. Divergent evolution occurs as a result of natural selection acting on genetic variation within a population. 
A single ancestral species may encounter new environmental conditions or resources that create opportunities for some individuals to thrive and reproduce more successfully than others. Over time, these successful individuals may come to dominate the population and give rise to new lineages that are specialised to exploit these new resources or environments. As these new lineages continue to diversify and occupy new niches, they may become increasingly different from each other in their physical, behavioural, and genetic traits.