Select the incorrect statement about industrial melanism in the peppered moth.

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Before industrialisation set in, the trees were covered by thick growth of lichens.

After industrialisation, the white-winged moth could not survive on dark tree trunks due to predators and was completely wiped out.

There were more white-winged moths than dark-winged moths before industrialisation set in, but the proportion was reversed after industrialisation.

After industrialisation, dark-winged moths had more reproductive success than white-winged moths.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Lichens can be used as industrial pollution indicators. They will not grow in areas that are polluted. Before industrialisation set in, the trees were covered by thick growth of lichens. In that background the white winged moth survived but the dark-coloured moth were picked out by predators.

During post-industrialisation period, the tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and soots. Under this condition the white-winged moth did not survive due to predators, dark-winged or melanised moth survived. No variant is completely wiped out. There were more white-winged moths than dark-winged moths before industrialisation set in, but the proportion was reversed after industrialisation.

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