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Q.

Several factors (steric, electronic, orbital interactions etc.) can affect the inversion barrier of an amine. In the given pair which data is correctly placed ?

 

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a

All of these

b

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c

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d

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answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

(a) The barrier to inversion for i-Pr2 NMe is less than for Me3N because going from sp3 (tetrahedral) to sp2 (trigonal planar) spreads the bulky isopropyl groups further apart and relieves steric crowding. In other words the isopropyl groups destabilize the pyramidal amine more than the planar transition structure.

 

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(b) The sp2 transition state has ideal bond angle of ~120°. The three member ring T.S. is highly strained because it cannot achieve 120° due to the small ring locking the angles at ~60°. The 5-membered ring can easily adopt l20° angle.
 

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(c) As the nitrogen goes from sp3  sp2 , it becomes effectively more electronegative. (Remember : more s-character means more electronegative) The electronegative chlorine atoms pull electron density away from N more than the methyl groups, creating an electron - deficient N, and destabilising the T.S.

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