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Q.

Show the water cycle steps involving each state?

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Detailed Solution

The water cycle shows how water keeps moving through its three states—solid, liquid, and gas. It goes through changes like melting, evaporation, transpiration, condensation, freezing, deposition, and precipitation. Water may start as ice, melt into liquid, then evaporate into vapor, form clouds, and finally return to Earth as rain, snow, or hail. This cycle repeats endlessly.

Solid State (Ice, Snow, Glaciers)

  • Melting: Ice or snow warms up and turns into liquid water, which flows into rivers, lakes, or oceans.
  • Sublimation: Ice or snow can change directly into water vapor without becoming liquid, often happening in cold, high-altitude places.
  • Freezing: When temperatures drop, liquid water (like rain or puddles) freezes into ice or snow.

Liquid State (Water, Rain, Groundwater)

  • Evaporation: Heat from the sun turns liquid water into water vapor, which rises into the air.
  • Transpiration: Plants release water vapor into the air through their leaves, much like evaporation.
  • Infiltration and Percolation: Rainwater soaks into the ground (infiltration) and then moves deeper through soil layers to become groundwater (percolation).

Gaseous State (Water Vapor)

  • Evaporation/Transpiration: Water from liquid or solid form changes into water vapor.
  • Condensation: As vapor rises and cools, it changes back into tiny water droplets or ice crystals, forming clouds.
  • Deposition: In some conditions, vapor can turn directly into ice crystals without becoming liquid first.
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