Sodium atom and sodium ion: 

First, in order to begin with the solution, we must comprehend the distinction between an atom and an ion. While atoms are an uncharged entity, ions are a charged species. Let's examine that in more detail. Let's now briefly discuss each of the distinctions between sodium atom and sodium ion in terms of their respective qualities.

You must first comprehend where sodium is located in the periodic table. The periodic table's first group of elements, known as alkali metals, contains the element sodium.
Let's first examine the characteristics of sodium atoms. Its atomic weight is 23, and its atomic number is 11.
Since the number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number, an atom of sodium has 11 protons. Since sodium atoms are electrically neutral, we can claim that there are 11 electrons as well since the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Let's talk about sodium ions now; sodium has an atomic number of 11, and we know that even when an ion forms, the number of protons stays the same. Since sodium is a metal and a monovalent atom, it will create a cation by losing one electron. Since an electron is lost during the formation of the ion, sodium atoms have a total of 11 electrons. This results in sodium ions having 10 total electrons.
Now that we are aware that the chemical characteristics rely on the amount of electrons, both options (A) and (C) are erroneous since the chemical properties and electron numbers are different.

We now need to describe how the sodium atom and sodium ion interact with water. The sodium atom interacts with water violently, whereas the sodium ion does not interact with water at all. Option (D) is likewise erroneous as a result.
Since protons are located inside the nucleus of sodium atoms and sodium ions, there is no change in the number of protons in any charged ion or atom.

Hence, the correct option is (B) have the same number of protons.