Sound propagates maximum in

Sound propagates most efficiently in solids due to their high density and elasticity, which facilitate quicker transmission of sound waves compared to liquids and gases.

Sound propagates through various media—gases, liquids, and solids—with varying efficiencies. The speed at which sound travels is influenced by the medium's density and elasticity.

Speed of Sound in Solids

• High Elasticity and Density: Solids possess tightly packed molecules and high elasticity, facilitating rapid transmission of sound waves.
• Typical Speeds:
  • Iron: ~5,120 m/s
  • Steel: ~5,100 m/s
  • Diamond: ~12,000 m/s

Speed of Sound in Liquids

• Moderate Density and Elasticity: Liquids have molecules that are less tightly packed than solids but more so than gases, resulting in intermediate sound propagation speeds.
• Typical Speeds:
  • Water: ~1,480 m/s
  • Seawater: ~1,531 m/s

Speed of Sound in Gases

• Low Density and Elasticity: Gases have widely spaced molecules, leading to slower sound propagation.
• Typical Speeds:
  • Air (at 20°C): ~343 m/s
  • Helium: ~965 m/s