Species found only in a particular area are called

(a) endemic

(b) migratory

(c) exotic

(d) domesticated

Correct answer: (a) Endemic

Endemic species are those that occur naturally in one specific geographic area only—and nowhere else in the world. The area can be a country, a state, an island, a mountain range, or even a particular forest type.

Key points

• Restricted range: Endemic species have a very limited distribution due to historical isolation, unique habitat requirements, or evolutionary pathways.
• High conservation priority: Because they exist in only one place, they are more vulnerable to threats like habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change.
• Examples (India & global):
  • Nilgiri tahr – endemic to the Western Ghats.
  • Andaman teal – endemic to the Andaman Islands.
  • Giant panda – endemic to certain mountain ranges in China.
  • Kiwi – endemic to New Zealand.

Why the other options are incorrect

• (b) Migratory: Species that move seasonally between regions (e.g., Siberian crane); they are not restricted to one area.
• (c) Exotic: Non-native (introduced) species brought from outside their natural range (e.g., eucalyptus in India).
• (d) Domesticated: Species bred and kept by humans for utility or companionship (e.g., cattle, dogs); not defined by natural geographic restriction.

Final answer: (a) Endemic.