Transection (severing) of the brainstem above the pons interrupts neural signals essential for spontaneous respiration regulation. The medulla oblongata, which contains vital respiratory centers, is responsible for breathing patterns. Severing the brainstem above the pons disconnects these centers from higher brain regions, stopping spontaneous breathing. However, the spinal cord below the transection retains innervation to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerves, allowing artificial ventilation to sustain breathing. This cessation of spontaneous respiration underscores the critical role of brainstem integrity in respiratory control, highlighting the necessity of artificial ventilation to support life in such cases.