Q.

State and prove law of conservation of energy in case of freely falling body?

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Detailed Solution

Statement : Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can be converted from one form of energy to another but total energy remains constant.
Proof : Let us consider a body mass m is falling freely through a height h above the ground
At point A :
Question Image
u=0;a=g
Height = h
Potential energy = PE = mgh
 Kinetic energy =KE=12m(u)2
KE=12m(0)2=0
Total energy at A = EA = PE + KE
EA=mgh+0=mgh  ...(1)
At B :
Travelled distance = S = X
u =0 and velocity = V = VB
Height = (h – x)
PE = mg (h-x) = mgh –mgx
KE=12mVB2
From v2u2=2as;VB2o2=2gx
KE=12mVB2=12m(2gx)KE=mgx
Total energy at B = EB = PE + KE
EB=mghmgx+mgxEB=mgh(2)
At C :
Let the body hits the ground t C.
u=0 and final velocity V=Vc
Height = h = 0 and distance = s = h
PE = mgh = mg (0) = 0
PE = 0
From eqn v2u2=2as
vc2o2=2gh;vc2=2gh
KE=12mVc2;KE=12m×2ghKE=mgh
Total Energy at C = EC = PE + KE
Ec=0+mghEC=mgh ...(3)
From equation (1), (2), and (3)
The total energy at A, B and C are equal
EA=EB=EC=mgh
Hence proved law of conservation of energy incase freely falling body.

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