State the functions of seminal vesicles?

The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands in the male reproductive system located behind the urinary bladder and above the prostate gland. Their primary function is to produce and secrete seminal fluid, which forms a major portion (about 60–70%) of semen.

Functions of Seminal Vesicles

1. Production of Seminal Fluid- The seminal vesicles produce and store seminal fluid that mixes with sperm from the testes to form semen. This fluid provides a medium that protects and supports sperm until fertilization occurs.
2. Secretion of Fructose- The fluid contains fructose — a sugar that acts as the main energy source for sperm cells, enabling their motility and survival within the female reproductive tract.
3. Prostaglandin Secretion- Seminal vesicle fluid includes prostaglandins — hormone-like molecules that stimulate contractions in the female reproductive tract, helping sperm move toward the egg for fertilization.
4. Alkaline (Basic) Fluid Secretion- The secretions are alkaline in nature, helping to neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and the female vagina. This ensures sperm survival and enhances mobility.
5. Provision of Nutrients and Enzymes- The seminal fluid contains proteins, enzymes, citric acid, vitamin C, and other nutrients that nourish and stabilize sperm, aiding in their viability and protection.