State the main functions of medulla oblongata?

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Detailed Solution

The medulla oblongata performs several essential involuntary functions that keep the body alive and balanced. It controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, manages key reflexes like swallowing and coughing, and serves as a vital communication link between the brain and spinal cord. It also supports digestion and helps maintain consciousness.

Vital Functions

Respiration: Regulates the rate and depth of breathing.
Cardiovascular Control: Maintains heart rate and blood pressure.
Digestion: Aids in actions like swallowing and other digestive functions.

Reflex Actions

Controls automatic reflexes such as coughing, sneezing, and vomiting.

Other Functions

Nerve Signal Relay: Transmits nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord.
Consciousness: Supports awareness and the sleep–wake cycle.
Motor Control: Coordinates movements of the head, face, and neck muscles.

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