Q.

Statement A: The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions.
Statement B: Water is required for transfer of male gametes, antherozoids.

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a

Statement A is false but statement B is true

b

Both statements A and B are true

c

Both statements A and B are false

d

Statement A is true but statement B is false 

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Statement A is true. While pteridophytes can be found in various parts of the world, their distribution is indeed more limited compared to some other plant groups. They are often restricted to specific ecological niches, such as moist and shaded environments, and can be more commonly found in regions with high humidity and consistent moisture. 

Statement B is also true. In pteridophytes and many other non-seed plants (e.g., ferns and mosses), water is required for the transfer of male gametes, specifically the antherozoids (sperm cells), to reach the female gametes. This process is called fertilization, and it involves the antherozoids swimming in a film of water to reach the archegonia (female reproductive structures) of the plant, where they fertilize the egg cells. This reliance on water for fertilization is a key characteristic of non-seed plants and is one of the reasons why they are typically found in moist environments. 

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