Statement-I : Reaction of carbonyl compound with alcohol is catalysed by dry HCl gas
Statement-II : HCl protonates carbonyl oxygen and thus increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon.

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Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct

Both statements I and II are incorrect.

Both statements I and II are correct.

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The reaction of a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) with an alcohol generally leads to the formation of hemiacetal and further acetal when alcohol is taken in excess. This reaction requires an acid catalyst to proceed smoothly.

Statement I: Dry HCl is indeed used as a catalyst in the acetal/ketal formation reaction. It increases the reaction rate by activating the carbonyl group. Hence, Statement I is correct.

Statement II: The role of HCl is to protonate the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. This protonation enhances the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon, making it more electrophilic and more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by alcohol. Therefore, Statement II is also correct.

Final Answer: Both statements I and II are correct (Option d).