Statement I : Genes that are loosely linked exhibit recombination, whereas genes that are completely linked do not undergo recombination.

Statement II : Test cross is the tool for knowing genotype of test organism

Statement I is generally correct. Recombination refers to the process by which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. When genes are loosely linked (located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome), there is a higher likelihood of recombination occurring between them, leading to the production of recombinant offspring with new combinations of alleles. Conversely, when genes are completely linked (located very close together on the same chromosome), they tend to be inherited together as a single unit during meiosis, and recombination between them is rare or nonexistent.

Statement II is also correct. A test cross is a genetic cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype) and a homozygous recessive individual. By performing a test cross, one can determine the genotype of the individual with the dominant phenotype based on the phenotypic ratios observed in the offspring. If all offspring show the dominant phenotype, the individual being tested is likely homozygous dominant. If some offspring show the recessive phenotype, the individual being tested is likely heterozygous. Therefore, a test cross is indeed a valuable tool for deducing the genotype of an organism with an unknown genotype.