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Q.

Suppose  P(x) is a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients such that P(5)=5 and  P(53)=553. Compute  |P(5)|.

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answer is 95.

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Detailed Solution

Write  P(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d, where  a,b,c,d are integers. Then we have that
P(5)5 =(5a+c)5+(5b+d5)=0,P(53)553 =(5a+d)+(c5)53+b253=0.
Recall that 5  is irrational. In particular, since (5a+c)5+(5b+d5)=0, we must have  5a+c=0 and 5b+d5=0. Similarly, from the condition on , we must have 5a+d=c5=b=0 .
This is enough to imply (a,b,c,d)=(1,0,5,5), so  P(x)=x3+5x+5. Hence, our final answer is  P(5)=125+25+5=95.
 

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