Q.

Suppose  x,y,z are real numbers such that x+y+z=0 and xy+yz+zx=3, the expression  x3y+y3z+z3x  is equal to 

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answer is 9.

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Detailed Solution

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Consider the equation whose roots are x,y,z:  (tx)(ty)(tz)=0. 
This gives t33tλ=0, where λ=xyz. Since  x,y,z are roots of this equation, we have x33xλ=0,y33yλ=0,z33zλ=0.
Multiplying the first by y, the second by z and the third by x, we obtain
 x3y3xyλy=0, y3z3yzλz=0, z3x3zxλx=0.

Adding we obtain  
x3y+y3z+z3x3(xy+yz+zx)λ(x+y+z)=0
This simplifies to
x3y+y3z+z3x=9.
(Here one may also solve for y and z in terms of x and substitute these values in x3y+y3z+z3x  to get 9)

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