Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the $α$ -particle scattring experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil. (Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14k) What results do you expect?

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the $α$ -particle bounce back

the $α$ -particle scatter through large angle

the $α$ -particle is absorbed in the sheet

the $α$ -particle scattered like a heavier particle collides a lighter particle

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a proton. The mass of an incident $α$ - particle is $6.64 \times 10^{- 27} k g$ . Since the scattering particle is more massive than the target nuclei (proton), the collision is similar to a football colliding with a tenis ball at rest. Thus, there would be no large angle scattering.

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