‘Ten per cent law’ enunciated by Lindeman states that

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only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level

oceans account for only 10 per cent of global net annual primary productivity

only 10 per cent of biomass of an ecosystem is within the bodies of producers

plants capture only 10 per cent of photosynthetically active radiation

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Detailed Solution

As per the ten per cent law introduced by Lindeman, 'during the transfer of energy from organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy from organic matter is stored as flesh.' In a typical food chain, only ten percent of the energy is passed to the next consumer in the unidirectional manner and 90% is lost to the environment as heat. In a typical food chain, the apex predator receives the least amount of energy and hence, a single food chain typically does not have more than 4 levels.

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