The ____ of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators.

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Detailed Solution

The Kalangs of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators. A community of expert foresters and shifting cultivators called the Kalangs lived in Java. Due to their high value, the 6,000 Kalang families were divided equally between the two kingdoms on the eve of the Mataram kingdom of Java's partition in 1755. It would have been challenging to gather teak and for the rulers to construct their palaces without their expertise. In the eighteenth century, the Dutch attempted to subjugate the Kalangs by establishing authority over the forests. A Dutch fort at Joana was attacked by the Kalangs in 1770 as a form of resistance, but the revolt was successfully vanquished.

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