The animals were shipped live from America to Europe and slaughtered once they reached Europe until ____.

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Until 1870, animals were shipped live from America to Europe and slaughtered when they arrived there.
In the beginning, animals were killed for food in America, Australia, or New Zealand, and then they were shipped as frozen meat to Europe. Animals were also transported alive from America to Europe until 1870, where they were then butchered. Moreover, many cattle also passed away while travelling, got sick, lost weight, or lost the ability to eat. Therefore, meat was an expensive luxury that the European poor could not afford. Thus high prices, in turn, held demand and production down. However, the invention of new technology, specifically refrigerated ships, allowed the transportation of perishable commodities across vast distances.

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