The balloon-shaped structures called tyloses

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originate in the lumen of vessels

characterise the sapwood

are extensions of xylem parenchyma cells into vessels

are linked to the ascent of sap through xylem vessels.

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Tyloses are balloon-like growths of pit membrane of xylem parenchyma extended into lumen of vessels to obstruct the conduction of water and also provide mechanical support to the plant.
(1) Tyloses do not originate in the lumen of vessel but from the pit membrane of xylem parenchyma cells present adjacent to vessel and extended into the lumen of vessel.
(2) They are usually absent in sap wood unless it is infected by pathogens, such as fungi and bacteria, that cause vascular wilt disease.
(4) Tyloses obstruct ascent of sap through xylem.

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