The basic chemical formula of DNA is now well established. As shown in figure given below it consists of a very long chain, the backbone of which is made up of alternate sugar and phosphate groups, joined together in regular 3¢ 5¢ phosphate di-ester linkages. To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, only four different kinds of which are commonly found in DNA. Two of these adenine and guanine are purines, and the other two – thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines. A fifth base, 5-methyl cytosine, occurs in smaller amounts in certain organisms, and a sixth, 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine, is found instead of cytosine in the T even phages (Wyatt and Cohen, 1952). It should be noted that the chain is unbranched, a consequence of the regular internucleotide linkage. On the other hand the sequence of the different nucleotides is, as far as can be ascertained, completely irregular. Thus, DNA has some features which are regular, and some which are irregular. A similar conception of the DNA molecule as: Aided by a Fellowship from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Long thin fiber is obtained from physico-chemical analysis involving sedimentation, diffusion, light scattering, and viscosity measurements. These techniques indicate that DNA is a very asymmetrical structure approximately 20 A wide and many thousands of angstroms long Estimates of its molecular weight currently center between 5×10⁶ ´ and 10⁷ (approximately 3 ×10⁴ nucleotides). Surprisingly each of these measurements tend to suggest that the DNA is relatively rigid, a puzzling finding in view of the large number of single bonds (5 per nucleotide) in the phosphate-sugar back

Answer the following questions:
(a) Which purines present in DNA?
(b) What is the backbone of DNA?
(c) Name the components of nucleotides.

OR

Why DNA has some features regular while some irregular?