The calcium content increases downward and forms Kankar layers in:

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Alluvial soil

Black soil

Arid soil

Laterite soil

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

The calcium content increases downward and forms Kankar layers in arid soils.
1) Kankar inhabits the lower horizons of the soil due to the soil's increasing calcium concentration. The lower horizons' Kankar layer formations limit water intrusion. Even though the nutrient supply in arid soil is less, with proper mixing of artificial fertilisers and water, arid soils are cultivable. The farmers plant the crops and species as in Western Rajasthan, where the arid soils form a major part.
2) The appearance of arid soils ranges from red to brown. They have a sandy appearance and are naturally saline. Some places have a high salt content, and common salt is due to the evaporation of water. Evaporation occurs faster due to the dry climate and high temperatures, and the soil lacks humus and moisture.

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