The central hollow portion of a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes is termed

Each vertebra has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes.

• Neural Spine (Spinous Process): The neural spine, also known as the spinous process, is a bony projection that extends dorsally (outward) from the vertebral arch of a vertebra. It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments and varies in size and shape among different vertebrae in the vertebral column.
• Zygapophysis (Zygapophyses, Singular: Zygapophysis): Zygapophyses are paired bony processes found on the dorsal (back) and lateral (side) aspects of each vertebra. They are often called articular processes because they play a role in articulating or connecting adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Zygapophyses can vary in shape and size, and they contribute to the stability and movement of the vertebral column.
• Transverse Process: The transverse process is a bony projection that extends laterally (outward) from either side of a vertebra. These processes serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments and vary in size and shape among different vertebrae in the vertebral column.